Publicações

Flores, Cristina, Rinke, Esther, & Weingärtner, Daniel (em revisão). Heritage language reinforcement and differential stability: European Portuguese returnee speakers’ comprehension of null objects. Second Language Research.

Flores, Cristina, & Rinke, Esther (2026). Late acquisition of pronoun use in European Portuguese: Subject–object asymmetries in Portuguese-German bilingual children. Journal of Child Language. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000926100816 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/103057

Flores, Cristina, Rinke, Esther, Torregrossa, Jacopo, & Parafita Couto, Maria Carmen (2026). “A branca Schere” or “a tesoura weiβe”? Adjective placement in Portuguese–German code-switching by bilingual children and adolescents. Journal of Child Language. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000926100622

Rinke, Esther, Weingärtner, Daniel, Flores, Cristina, Martinez Bruera, Mercedes, Listanti, Andrea, Gomes, Juliana Novo, & Lago, Sol (2025). Are heritage speakers one step ahead in ongoing processes of diachronic change? Comparing heritage speakers with speakers of two varieties of Portuguese in their comprehension of null object constructions. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.25014.rin https://hdl.handle.net/1822/98519

Torregrossa, Jacopo, Flores, Cristina, & Rinke, Esther (2025). The relevance of instruction, language exposure and age for heritage children’s development of complex morphosyntax: Triangulating data from narratives and cloze-tests. Frontiers in Language Sciences, 4, Article 1495607. https://doi.org/10.3389/flang.2025.1495607

Flores, Cristina, & Snape, Neal (2025). What returnee bilinguals may teach us about language attrition, language stabilization, and individual variation. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.25021.flo

Flores, Cristina, Sopata, Aldona, & Rinke, Esther (2025). The impact of change of environment on Polish-German returnees’ childhood languages: Effects of attrition and reinforcement on lexical knowledge. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 28(8), 960–979. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2025.2528142

Flores, Cristina, & Rinke, Esther (2025). Overt pronouns are challenging: Subject realization in written narratives of Portuguese-French bilingual school-age children. Romanica Cracoviensia, 24(3), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.4467/20843917RC.24.029.20984 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/94985

Fernandes, Ana Isabel, Gomes, Juliana Novo, Haro, Juan, Flores, Cristina, & Comesaña, Montserrat (2024). The how and the when of semantic illusions in native and non-native bilinguals. Language and Cognition, 16(4), 2105–2129. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2024.51

Correia, Liliana, Lobo, Maria, & Flores, Cristina (2024). A sentence repetition task for European Portuguese: Results from a study with monolingual and Portuguese-German bilingual children. Language Acquisition. https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2024.2346586 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/91692

Rinke, Esther, Flores, Cristina, Oliveira, Priscila, & Correia, Liliana (2024). An experimental study on the loss of VS order in monolingual and bilingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Probus, 36(1), 77–112. https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2024-2006 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/90872

Sopata, Aldona, Rinke, Esther, & Flores, Cristina (2024). Null objects in Polish heritage language acquisition in contact with German. International Journal of Bilingualism, 28(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221132382 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/81282

Matos, Joana, & Flores, Cristina (2024). More insights into the interaction between age, exposure and attitudes in language attrition and retention from the perspective of bilingual returnees. International Journal of Bilingualism, 28(1), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221136941 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/80804

Sá-Leite, Ana Rita, Flores, Cristina, Eira, Carina, Haro, Juan, & Comesaña, Montserrat (2023). Language balance rather than age of acquisition: A study on the cross-linguistic gender congruency effect in Portuguese-German bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 26(5), 1079–1092. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728923000378 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/84784

Gonçalves, Maria de Lurdes, Flores, Cristina, Rinke, Esther, & Torregrossa, Jacopo (2023). Kompetenz in der Herkunftssprache fördert den Erwerb der Landessprache: Portugiesisch als Herkunftssprache in der Schweiz. Babylonia Journal of Language Education, 1, 46–49. https://doi.org/10.55393/babylonia.v1i.234 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/84221

Rinke, Esther, & Flores, Cristina (2023). Mehrsprachigkeit in Rio Grande do Sul: Zur Negation im brasilianischen Hunsrückisch. Pandaemonium Germanicum, 26(49), 68–84. https://doi.org/10.11606/1982-8837264968 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/82964

Sopata, Aldona, Rinke, Esther, & Flores, Cristina (2023). How unique is the linguistic situation of endangered language speakers? [Commentary on L. Grenoble & B. Osipov]. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 13(1), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.22069.sop https://hdl.handle.net/1822/82446

Torregrossa, Jacopo, Flores, Cristina, & Rinke, Esther (2023). What modulates the acquisition of difficult structures in a heritage language? A study on Portuguese in contact with French, German and Italian. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 26(1), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728922000438 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/78663

Flores, Cristina, & Almeida, Letícia (2022). Investigação em bilinguismo: Caminhos percorridos e perspetivas futuras. Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, 9, 250–263. https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln9ano2022mr2 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/80815

Flores, Cristina, Zhou, Chao, & Eira, Carina (2022). “I no longer count in German”: On dominance shift in returnee heritage speakers. Applied Psycholinguistics, 43(5), 1019–1043. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716422000261 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/79491

Flores, Cristina, Rinke, Esther, Torregrossa, Jacopo, & Weingärtner, Daniel (2022). Language separation and stable syntactic knowledge: Verbs and verb phrases in bilingual children’s narratives. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 5, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.16995/jpl.8043 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/80131

Flores, Cristina, Gonçalves, Maria de Lurdes, Rinke, Esther, & Torregrossa, Jacopo (2022). Perspetivas múltiplas sobre a competência bilingue de crianças lusodescendentes residentes na Suíça: A investigação linguística em diálogo com a didática. Revista Portuguesa de Educação, 35(1), 102–131. https://doi.org/10.21814/rpe.24205 https://hdl.handle.net/1822/78662

Flores, Cristina, Rinke, Esther, & Wagner, Claudia (2022). “To hón ich imma insistieat”: Syntactic stability in heritage Hunsrückisch German spoken in Brazil. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 12(3), 251–279. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.20041.flo http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68469

Correia, Liliana, & Flores, Cristina (2021). Questionário sociolinguístico parental para famílias emigrantes bilingues (QuesFEB): Uma ferramenta de recolha de dados sociolinguísticos de crianças falantes de herança. Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto, 16, 75–102. https://ojs.letras.up.pt/index.php/EL/article/view/11021/10077

Flores, Cristina, Setas, Clara, Sousa, Inês, & Antunes, João (2021). Ein Cloze-Test zur Sprachstandserhebung portugiesischer L2-Lerner des Deutschen. Polissema – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, 21, 31–53. https://parc.ipp.pt/index.php/Polissema/article/view/3815 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/75306

Rinke, Esther, & Flores, Cristina (2021). Portuguese as heritage language in Germany: A linguistic perspective. Languages, 6(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010010 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/70492

Calossa, Bernardino Valente, & Flores, Cristina (2020). Erosão linguística na aquisição bilingue português–umbundu: Evidências no domínio da formação do plural. Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, 7, 69–85. https://doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln7ano2020a5

Flores, Cristina, & Rinke, Esther (2020). Factors constraining subject expression in European Portuguese spoken in Hamburg: A bi-generational corpus investigation. Discours, 26. https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.10648 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68036

Flores, Cristina, Rinke, Esther, & Sopata, Aldona (2020). Acquiring the distribution of null and overt direct objects in European Portuguese. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 19(1), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.5334/jpl.239 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65201

Horn, Valerie, Rinke, Esther, & Flores, Cristina (2020). Dialectal variation in European Portuguese central vowel perception. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 19(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.5334/jpl.232 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/64081

Flores, Cristina (2020). Attrition and reactivation of a childhood language: The case of returnee heritage speakers. Language Learning, 70(S1), 85–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12350 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60332

Flores, Cristina, & Rinke, Esther (2020). The relevance of language-internal variation in predicting heritage language grammars. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(1), 25–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000464 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60786

Flores, Cristina, Gürel, Ayşe, & Putnam, Michael T. (2020). Different perspectives on critical factors in heritage language development and maintenance. Language Learning, 70(S1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12367 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60933

Li, Qunying, & Flores, Cristina (2019). Conhecimento implícito e explícito da flexão nominal e verbal em português língua não materna: Um estudo sobre aprendentes chineses. Diacrítica, 33(2), 252–277. https://doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.423

Rinke, Esther, Flores, Cristina, & Sopata, Aldona (2019). Heritage Portuguese and heritage Polish in contact with German: More evidence on the production of objects. Languages, 4(3), Article 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages4030053 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60860

Rinke, Esther, & Flores, Cristina (2018). Another look at the interpretation of overt and null pronominal subjects in bilingual language acquisition: Heritage Portuguese in contact with German and Spanish. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 3(1), Article 68. https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.535 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/54998

Rinke, Esther, Flores, Cristina, & Barbosa, Pilar (2018). Null objects in the spontaneous speech of monolingual and bilingual speakers of European Portuguese. Probus, 30(1), 93–119. https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2017-0004 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/49674

Flores, Cristina (2017). Bilinguismo infantil: Um legado valioso do fenómeno migratório luso-alemão. Diacrítica, 31(3), 237–250. https://doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.395 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60471

Correia, Liliana, & Flores, Cristina (2017). The role of input factors in the lexical development of European Portuguese as a heritage language in Portuguese-German bilingual speakers. Languages, 2(4), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages2040030 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/55128

Flores, Cristina (2017). Problematizing the scope of language attrition from the perspective of bilingual returnees. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 7(6), 691–695. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.00006.flo http://hdl.handle.net/1822/53696

Flores, Cristina, Rinke, Esther, & Rato, Anabela (2017). Comparing the outcomes of early and late acquisition of European Portuguese: An analysis of morpho-syntactic and phonetic performance. Heritage Language Journal, 14(2), 124–149. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/47453

Flores, Cristina, Santos, Ana Lúcia, Jesus, Alice, & Marques, Rui (2017). Age and input effects in the acquisition of mood in heritage Portuguese. Journal of Child Language, 44(4), 795–828. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000916000222 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41827

Flores, Cristina, & Rato, Anabela (2016). Global accent in the Portuguese speech of heritage returnees. Heritage Language Journal, 13(2), 161–183. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42473

Santos, Ana Lúcia, & Flores, Cristina (2016). Comparing heritage speakers and late L2-learners of European Portuguese: Verb movement, VP ellipsis and adverb placement. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 6(3), 308–340. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.14006.san

Flores, Cristina, & Rinke, Esther (2016). Migration und Mehrsprachigkeit in der Spracherwerbsforschung: Neuere Erkenntnisse aus dem Portugiesischen. Revista de Estudos Alemães, 6, 21–30. http://real.letras.ulisboa.pt/uploads/textos/650_Flores_und_Rinke.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41283

Flores, Cristina (2015). Understanding heritage language acquisition: Some contributions from the research on heritage speakers of European Portuguese. Lingua, 164, 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.09.008 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30561

Flores, Cristina (2015). Losing a language in childhood: A longitudinal case study on language attrition. Journal of Child Language, 42(3), 562–590. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000914000233 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30480

Rato, Anabela, Flores, Cristina, Neves, Daniela, & Oliveira, Diana (2015). A competência fonológica de falantes bilingues luso-alemães: Um estudo sobre sotaque global, compreensibilidade e inteligibilidade da sua língua de herança. Diacrítica, 29(1), 297–326. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/37630

Yang, Shu, Rato, Anabela, & Flores, Cristina (2015). Perceção das consoantes oclusivas de português L2 sob a influência de mandarim L1. Diacrítica, 29(1), 61–94. http://cehum.ilch.uminho.pt/cehum/static/publications/diacritica_29-1.pdf

Moreira, Maria Alfredo, Duarte, Joana, & Flores, Cristina (2014). Teacher education curriculum for teaching immigrant students in Portuguese schools. Sustainable Multilingualism, 4, 132–148. https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.4.9 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30770

Flores, Cristina, & Barbosa, Pilar (2014). When reduced input leads to delayed acquisition: A study on the acquisition of clitic placement by Portuguese heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18(3), 304–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006912448124 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/23580

Flores, Cristina, & Melo-Pfeifer, Sílvia (2014). O conceito “língua de herança” na perspetiva da linguística e da didática de línguas: Considerações pluridisciplinares em torno do perfil linguístico das crianças lusodescendentes na Alemanha. Domínios de Lingu@gem, 8(3), 16–45. https://doi.org/10.14393/DLesp-v8n3a2014-3 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30450

Rinke, Esther, & Flores, Cristina (2014). Morphosyntactic knowledge of clitics by Portuguese heritage bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(4), 681–699. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891300076X http://hdl.handle.net/1822/27683

Flores, Cristina (2012). Differential effects of language attrition in the domains of verb placement and object expression. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(3), 550–567. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728911000666 http://hdl.handle.net/1822/14383

Flores, Cristina (2010). The effect of age on language attrition: Evidences from bilingual returnees. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13(4), 533–546. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672890999054X http://hdl.handle.net/1822/11252

Flores, Cristina, & Rauber, Andréia (2010). A percepção de vogais do alemão por bilingues luso-alemães: Remigrantes sofrem erosão fonológica? Diacrítica, 24(1), 49–74. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/11719

Flores, Cristina (2007). Language attrition: Uma sinopse das principais questões de investigação. Diacrítica, 21(1), 107–126. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/20033

Flores, Cristina (2004). «Lá está ele a schmatzen!»: Particularidades do discurso de bilingues luso-alemães. Diacrítica, 19(1), 89–108. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/6597